Mussels are a popular shellfish enjoyed around the world. They’re delicious steamed, baked, or added to stews and pasta dishes. Mussels are also packed with nutrients, making them a healthy choice for a meal or snack.
The two most common types are green and black mussels. Green mussels, also called New Zealand greenshell mussels, are different from black mussels, also known as Mediterranean mussels.
This article compares and contrasts green vs black mussels, covering their appearance, taste, nutritional value, and preparation methods. We’ll also answer some frequently asked questions to help you choose the best mussels for your next meal.
What are mussels?
Mussels are a type of bivalve mollusk, meaning they have a hinged, two-part shell. They’re filter feeders, straining tiny particles of food from the water.
You can find mussels in both saltwater and freshwater environments all over the world, clinging to rocks, docks, and even other marine life.
Mussels play an important role in their ecosystems. By filtering water, they help to keep it clean and clear. They’re also a food source for many animals, including fish, birds, and marine mammals.
Green mussels and black mussels: An overview
Green mussels and black mussels are both widely available and enjoyed by seafood lovers around the world. Here’s a little bit about each type.
Green mussels
The green mussel, also known as the New Zealand greenshell mussel, comes from the waters around New Zealand. It has a distinctive green edge around its shell, and it’s known for its relatively large size and mild, slightly sweet flavor.
Black mussels
Black mussels, also called Mediterranean mussels, are found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic coasts of Europe. They have a dark blue or black shell and a rich, savory flavor. They tend to be smaller than green mussels.
Green mussels vs. black mussels: A detailed comparison
So, you’re at the seafood counter, faced with a choice: green mussels or black mussels? Both are delicious and nutritious, but they have some key differences. Let’s break it down.
Appearance and size
Green mussels are the larger of the two, typically reaching around 4 inches in length. They’re easily recognizable by their distinctive green-tinged shell.
Black mussels, on the other hand, are smaller, usually around 2 to 2 ½ inches long. As the name suggests, they have a dark, black shell.
Cost
You’ll generally find that green mussels are more expensive than black mussels. This is often due to a few factors. Green mussel farming practices tend to be more involved. Plus, the transportation costs can be higher since they may not be as widely available depending on where you live.
Black mussels, being more common and often easier to farm, are usually the more affordable option.
Farming
Green mussels are often farmed using a suspended culture method. This means they’re grown on ropes or lines suspended in the water, allowing them to feed naturally on plankton. This method can lead to larger, cleaner mussels.
Black mussels are typically farmed using a bottom culture method. They’re grown on the seabed, where they attach to rocks or other surfaces. This method is generally less intensive and can be more cost-effective.
Availability
The availability of green and black mussels can vary significantly depending on your location. Black mussels are more widely available in many parts of the world. Green mussels are more common in New Zealand and other parts of the Pacific.
Keep in mind that seasonal variations can also affect availability. Ask your local fishmonger for the freshest options.
What do mussels taste like?
Mussels are often described as having a slightly sweet and salty taste that isn’t too fishy. But there are some differences in the flavor profiles of green and black mussels.
Green mussels are considered to have a more delicate, subtle flavor, while black mussels taste a bit stronger and more pronounced.
Keep in mind that the taste of any mussel can be affected by a few things, including:
- Where it was harvested
- How fresh it is
- How it’s prepared
Nutrition and mental health benefits of mussels
Mussels are an outstanding choice when you’re looking for a food that’s both good for you and good for your brain.
These shellfish are high in protein and low in calories, making them a satisfying and healthy choice. They’re also packed with micronutrients like vitamin B12, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc.
But the real magic of mussels may be their effect on mental health. Mussels are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been linked to mental well-being. As I always say, more and more research shows that your dietary pattern and food choices play a role in the treatment and prevention of mental health disorders, especially depression. Deficiencies in omega-3 fats, B vitamins, and zinc are linked to depression symptoms, so mussels are a great way to combat that.
Plus, mussels are naturally gluten-free and fit well into keto or pescatarian diets, making them a versatile choice for a wide range of dietary needs.
How to pick and clean mussels
Whether you choose green or black mussels, it’s important to select and clean them properly before you start cooking.
Selecting mussels
- When you’re buying mussels, look for shells that are tightly closed.
- Avoid any mussels with cracks or chips in their shells.
- Give them a sniff to make sure they smell fresh.
Cleaning mussels
- Rinse the mussels under cold water to get rid of any dirt or sand.
- “Debeard” the mussels. This means removing the “beard,” the stringy stuff that sticks out of the shell.
- Scrub the shells to remove any barnacles or debris.
Now you’re ready to start cooking! Check out some of the mussel recipes available online.
How to cook mussels
Mussels are delicious and easy to prepare! Here are a few different ways to cook them:
- Steaming: This is a classic method. Simply steam the mussels in a pot with some liquid (like wine, broth, or water) and aromatics until they open.
- Boiling: Similar to steaming, you can boil mussels in liquid until they open.
- Baking: Bake mussels in the oven with toppings like breadcrumbs, herbs, and garlic.
- Pan-frying: For a quick and flavorful option, pan-fry mussels with garlic, butter, and herbs.
- Grilling: Grill mussels in their shells for a smoky flavor.
No matter which method you choose, be careful not to overcook the mussels, or they will become rubbery. And always discard any mussels that don’t open during cooking – they’re not safe to eat.
Thoroughly cooked mussels are safe to eat. However, eating raw mussels carries an increased risk of illness.
What to serve with mussels
Mussels are delicious on their own, but they’re even better with the right sauce. You can pair them with:
- Garlic butter
- Marinara
- Pesto
- Chili-lime sauces
- Your favorite dipping sauce
Mussel preparation varies widely from region to region. For example, in Belgium, they’re often served with french fries. In France, they’re frequently cooked in white wine. And in many parts of the world, they’re served with pasta.
Good side dishes for mussels
Mussels make a great appetizer or even a light meal, but if you want to round out your plate, here are some good sides to serve with mussels:
- Grilled, steamed, or roasted veggies
- Potatoes, prepared just about any way
- A simple salad
- Brown or wild rice
- Quinoa
- Crusty bread for dipping
No matter what side dishes you choose, you can’t go wrong when you’re serving delicious and nutritious mussels!
Green and black mussels: common questions
People have lots of questions about mussels, and here are some of the most common:
- Are mussels safe to eat? Mussels are safe to eat as long as they’re prepared and stored properly.
- How do I store mussels? Keep live mussels in the refrigerator, covered with a damp cloth. Don’t store them in water.
- Can I freeze mussels? Yes, you can freeze cooked mussels in an airtight container.
- Are mussels sustainable? Farmed mussels are widely considered a sustainable seafood choice.
If you have more questions about mussels, your local fishmonger or seafood expert may be able to help.
Conclusion
Green mussels are larger and have a distinctive green lip, while black mussels are smaller and, well, black. They taste a little different too, with green mussels offering a milder flavor.
Both are nutritional powerhouses, packed with protein, omega-3s, and essential minerals. Whether you’re looking to boost your brainpower or support your overall health, mussels are a great choice.
So, why not give both green and black mussels a try? Explore different recipes and find your favorite way to enjoy these delicious and healthy shellfish. You might just discover your new favorite seafood!